10 Years of India’s Act East Policy
Experts have pointed out that the recent Indian PM’s visit to Singapore is about giving a fresh impetus to India’s engagement with South-East Asia and more broadly the vast Pacific region.
(i) Introduction
India’s Act East Policy, initiated in 2014, has been a transformative element in its foreign policy, aiming to deepen engagement with Southeast Asia and the broader Indo-Pacific region. The recent visit by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Singapore highlights the ongoing commitment to this policy, signaling a renewed focus on enhancing India’s strategic and economic ties in this vital region.
This decade-long policy has significantly shaped India’s international relations, contributing to its growing influence in the Asia-Pacific. The visit to Singapore underscores a critical juncture in India’s foreign policy, emphasizing both the achievements and future aspirations of the Act East Policy.
(ii) Origins and Objectives of the Act East Policy
The Act East Policy was introduced as a strategic upgrade from the previous Look East Policy, reflecting India’s growing geopolitical and economic ambitions. The core objectives were to strengthen economic ties, enhance security cooperation, and foster cultural exchanges with ASEAN countries and the broader Indo-Pacific region.
The policy aimed to pivot India’s focus towards the East, recognizing the region’s economic dynamism and strategic importance. By engaging more deeply with ASEAN nations, India sought to capitalize on their rapid growth and emerging market opportunities, while also enhancing its strategic presence in a region increasingly influential in global affairs.
(iii) Strategic Significance of the Indo-Pacific Region
The Indo-Pacific region has become a central focus of global geopolitical strategies due to its economic significance and strategic location. Home to more than half of the world’s population and substantial economic growth, the region plays a pivotal role in global trade and security.
For India, the Indo-Pacific is not only a crucial economic partner but also a strategic frontier. The region’s maritime routes are vital for global trade, and its security dynamics impact India’s national interests. Engaging actively in this region helps India enhance its strategic footprint and balance against the influence of major powers like China.
(iv) Economic Engagement: Trade and Investment Opportunities
India’s Act East Policy has significantly boosted economic engagement with Southeast Asia. Trade and investment flows between India and ASEAN countries have grown substantially, reflecting a deepening economic partnership. The policy has facilitated greater access to Southeast Asian markets for Indian businesses and vice versa.
Recent developments include enhanced bilateral trade agreements, joint ventures, and investment initiatives. India’s participation in regional economic frameworks, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and trade agreements with individual ASEAN countries underscore its commitment to fostering economic ties and promoting regional economic integration.
(v) Strengthening Security and Defense Cooperation
Security and defense cooperation has been a cornerstone of the Act East Policy. India has actively participated in maritime security initiatives, joint military exercises, and strategic dialogues with ASEAN and Indo-Pacific countries. These engagements are crucial for maintaining regional stability and countering security challenges.
India’s strategic partnerships with countries like Japan, Australia, and Vietnam have been strengthened through the Act East Policy. Joint naval exercises, capacity-building initiatives, and collaborative efforts in areas like counter-terrorism and cyber security highlight India’s proactive approach to enhancing regional security and building a network of reliable partners.
(vi) Cultural and Educational Exchanges: Bridging Gaps
Cultural and educational exchanges have played a significant role in deepening India’s engagement with Southeast Asia. Initiatives such as scholarships, cultural festivals, and academic collaborations have strengthened people-to-people connections and fostered mutual understanding.
India’s cultural diplomacy, through events and programs showcasing its rich heritage, has enhanced its soft power in the region. Educational partnerships and exchanges have provided opportunities for students and professionals from Southeast Asia to experience Indian institutions and culture, contributing to long-term ties and collaborations.
(vii) Challenges and Opportunities in the Act East Policy
While the Act East Policy has achieved considerable success, it has also faced challenges. Geopolitical complexities, such as tensions in the South China Sea and regional rivalries, have impacted India’s ability to fully realize its policy objectives. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economic activities and delayed some initiatives.
Despite these challenges, opportunities remain for further strengthening ties with Southeast Asia and the broader Indo-Pacific region. The growing economic potential of the region, coupled with India’s strategic interests, presents avenues for deeper engagement and collaboration. Addressing challenges and leveraging opportunities will be crucial for advancing India’s objectives.
(viii) The Role of the Quad and Regional Partnerships
The Quad, comprising the United States, Japan, Australia, and India, has become a significant platform for enhancing regional cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. The Quad’s focus on maritime security, infrastructure development, and regional resilience aligns with India’s Act East Policy objectives.
India’s participation in the Quad reflects its commitment to a rules-based international order and a free and open Indo-Pacific. Collaborative initiatives within the Quad, such as joint naval exercises and infrastructure projects, complement India’s efforts under the Act East Policy and strengthen its regional presence.
(ix) Looking Ahead: Future Directions for India’s Act East Policy
As India marks a decade of the Act East Policy, the focus will likely shift towards consolidating gains and addressing emerging regional dynamics. Strengthening economic ties, enhancing security cooperation, and deepening cultural exchanges will remain key priorities.
Future directions may include expanding partnerships with additional Indo-Pacific countries, enhancing regional infrastructure connectivity, and addressing non-traditional security challenges such as climate change and pandemics. The evolving geopolitical landscape will require India to adapt its approach while maintaining its commitment to a stable and prosperous Indo-Pacific region.
(x) Conclusion
India’s Act East Policy has been instrumental in reshaping its foreign relations and enhancing its strategic presence in Southeast Asia and the broader Indo-Pacific region. The recent visit by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Singapore underscores the ongoing commitment to this policy, reflecting both the achievements and future aspirations of India’s engagement in the region.
As India continues to navigate a complex geopolitical environment, its focus on the Act East Policy will be critical in advancing its strategic and economic interests. By leveraging opportunities and addressing challenges, India aims to strengthen its role as a key player in the Indo-Pacific, contributing to regional stability and prosperity.
